Article #1

February 13, 2000

The Change up can be one of the easiest pitches to learn and throw. And it can also be one of the most frustrating to learn.  Frustration comes when you are trying for accuracy or change up speed without first relying on the mechanics that automaticly perform the task for you. I have found that, in pitching, the only pitch you have to really work at is the rise.  The drop and the change are automatic results of correct form.

The way you think about the end result is important. If you are after accuracy, and other perfection’s you are going to be frustrated.

If you understand how to accomplish your goal, and that when learning the change you are not going to be good with your accuracy, AND that accuracy is not the bottom line result at first, its a long term goal.  If you can accept this fact, you are going to do just fine.

Focusing on the lower arm, what are some of the mechanics that makes the ball go fast.

  1. The speed the arm is going around in the circle.
  2. The whipping action of the arm when the elbow transfers from the leading side to the trailing side prior to release.
  3. The good upright posture at the release.
  4. The good open posture at the release.
  5. The application of leverage from the fingers behind the ball driving the ball out of the circle.
What would slow the ball down.
  1. Slowing down the arm.
  2. Making the arm stiff so the whipping action doesn’t accelerate the ball through the release.
  3. Bending over at the release.
  4. Facing the target at the release.
  5. Getting the fingers in a position so they do not apply leverage to the ball.

You want the motion to look as aggressive and as similar to your regular motion as possible, so that pretty much cancels out #1 (slowing down the arm). And it cancels out anything that will appear different like in #2 (Making the arm stiff so there is no whipping action).  Bending over or facing the batter at the release isn't the best place to be to accommodate the natural action of the arm.  Nor is that posture similar to your faster pitches.  That leaves us with #5.

There are many ways to do this, and the easiest way I have found to teach most pitchers is to turn the hand (not the arm or shoulder) so the fingers are on the side of, or in front of the ball. Then release the ball (finger tips first) and let the whipping action of the arm accelerate the hand away from the ball.

Problems come from trying to flip the ball to the catcher. To do this you have to hang on to the ball allowing the acceleration of the hand, caused by the whipping action, makes the ball go to fast. Granted some girls have turned this flipping into an art form, and do it very well, with an up in the front rotation on the change that is slow, and defies gravity with the rise spin. However most girls that try to flip the ball, trying to pull the string on it, rather than trying to accelerate the hand away from the ball, fall short of the mark.

We start off teaching the change up with a series of drills.  Start off with a slow motion arm circle so the pitcher can focus on what the hand is doing.

Drill #1, start by having the catcher sitting on the floor, with the pitcher standing with their stride foot even with the catcher. The pitcher has her arm go around at slow motion speed and release the ball, letting it just drop out of the hand. The catcher picks up the ball and hands it back to the catcher. The pitcher is getting used to the way the hand opens at release.

The pitcher will try to drop the ball into the glove of the catcher.  This would be incorrect. Have them just let the ball go and drop out of the hand.. Don't give them a target.

Drill #2, move the pitcher about 3-5 feet away from the catcher. Have them go with a little faster circle and practice releasing the ball and and focus on the release of the ball, and not accuracy. Very important. Trying to hit the target will have them hanging on to the ball too long and not letting it go. Consequently the hand will not accelerate away from the ball.

Drill #3, move the pitcher 10 feet away and have the arm go around in the circle a little faster.   Have them alternate with a drop, then a change. This way they will get used to throwing the change with the same motion as their faster pitch.

You can find more about grips on my site as well as more grips for the change.

Article #2

February 15, 2000

Some kids get frustrated because it is difficult to go against their natural tendencies to go for the gusto. It's hard (especially with the fingers on the side or in front of the ball) to let go with wild abandon. Their natural tendencies are to throw strikes. When they do this they usually hang on to the ball too long, release it out front too much, and canceling the look and or speed of the change. Once they get used to the idea of the ball may be slowing the point of falling short (half way there) of the target, they will be on their way toward success.

or they try too hard turning the shoulder instead of just the hand. Turning the shoulder facilitates the out of the back side of the hand change (one of the one Lisa throws), however is not necessary for the hand shake or suitcase or whatever you want to call it change. (Need some consistent terminology here and every where. Do you agree?).

Do you believe change ups, by nature, must be "imperfect" or inaccurate?

No, however there is (maybe) going to be some failure and sometimes when it is hard to be perfect, we quit. Or the coach doesn't call it and we don't get good at it. Or the parent doesn't call it enough at practice.

You need to work on the things the pitcher is not good at, instead of constantly throwing the pitch she can already throw well.

I personally like change-up to be a strike. Know your hitters and have the infield signal the outfield to move (run) to the batters weaker hitting output after the ball is pitched. I was taught to throw the change low, however the only hard hit balls off of the change were low in the strike zone. Probably because I threw a rise, a change high in the zone froze the batters, and if they swung, they couldn't get their arms extended like on the low one. If they were good high I threw it lower and outside.

Do you find the wrist and finger portion of the whipping action to be unimportant?

If I have which some may consider a stand out flaw in my teaching it is the wrist snap. I teach a floppy loose action of the arm and wrist, helping them with the whipping action (the transfer of the elbow from the leading side of the circle, to the trailing side (just before or during the release)). Consequently most of my girls learn the wrist snap (I use the term pushing with the fingers) after they already have a decent change. I don't recognize the wrist snap, or driving with the fingers, to be a part of the whipping action. The whipping action is a natural action of the arm if you let it run it's course around in the circle. And driving the ball out at the release with the sequential exertion of force by the fingers/wrist/forearm/biceps/shoulder, is an intentional application of leverage.

In the flip change the instructor tried to get her to "envision" was "flicking the catcher's mask off with your fingers".

As you may be able to tell, I am not high on the flip change. However I like the way your instructor explains it. He is telling her to do what I would want, getting the fingers away from the ball, and I am left just not liking the terminology.

but the release point was a real struggle and the ball was frequently left high in the zone

Ray, forget about the release point. Yes, there is a release point, and every pitcher has one, but I find it of little help when trying to focus on where it is.

Spend the time developing coordination in the motion so the motion becomes consistent. (Forget about where the ball is going. Even if they have to close their eyes).

When the motion becomes consistent, the ball will consistently go high, low, inside, or outside. Having the ball go to the same area CONSISTENTLY is good because now we can adjust for accuracy.

The ball should be going either high of low if the arm circle is true, and vertical. The arm out away from the body will cause it to go inside with very poor arm action. If the pitcher jerks at the release it will probably go high, maybe outside.

If the ball is high over the plate, move the thumb closer to the index finger. This will be a weaker grip and cause the ball to drop out of the hand sooner if every thing else remains the same. Weaker grip low, strong grip high. Worry about too much tension with the strong grip.

What are your thoughts on trading accuracy for movement? Are you willing to trade precision for movement?

I insist on accuracy on every pitch. Not always easy to do, but I still insist on perfection. And like you mentioned accuracy may be a foot off of the plate.

Mechanics are everything in successful pitching. Mastering the little things with isolation drills leads to success in the whole. Doing it fundamentally with the correct mechanics however, is the rub. There-in lies the debatable issue. Who is right?

Quite a dilemma.

Article #3

February 22, 2001

Just another point of view. You are spot on if you believe that the application of deliberate spin when throwing a change is better. And I would guess that most instructors would agree 100%. There are different grips that will make the change drop curve both ways, and hang. I can only vouch for myself, however I think we were only suggesting that having the correct spin is an advanced skill, and the first priority is to get the ball to go slow with a motion that is aggressive and similar to the other pitches. And yes the rotation always tells you what you are doing with any pitch. But in this case, in the learning stages, it is not important to have spin to realize success on the mound.

Some people believe that longer the ball is in the hand, the slower the pitch will be. That depends. There are more than one way to release a change up. In my opinion, the best change up is when the hand is accelerated away from the ball with the natural whipping action of the arm. When the pitcher hangs on to the ball, and has a good action of the arm, in this case the whipping action pulls the ball through the release quicker, resulting in a faster change.

I don't teach a flip change and there in lie my prejudices. Now I will admit that most of my girls have been brainwashed by me into throwing the peel or lift drop, so the flip change is a different look. As opposed to the look of the turn over drop compared to the flip change.

P. S. Pushing the ball with the thumb with a back hand change will give down in the front rotation. There are easier ways to do it however.